Detailed Processing Technology of Cow Manure Organic Fertilizer

Raw Material Pretreatment

• Dehydration Treatment: Cow manure has a relatively high water content, typically around 70% - 80%. It is necessary to reduce the moisture content to 50% - 60% using solid-liquid separation equipment, such as a screw extrusion dehydrator, to facilitate subsequent fermentation.
• Addition of Auxiliary Materials: Add straw, rice husks, wood chips, etc., to adjust the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio of 25 - 30:1) and improve air permeability, creating favorable conditions for microbial fermentation. Additionally, appropriate amounts of functional auxiliary materials, such as phosphate rock powder and humic acid, can be added to enhance fertilizer efficiency.
• Removal of Impurities: Thoroughly remove impurities like plastics and stones from the cow manure to prevent damage to equipment and ensure the quality of the organic fertilizer.

Fermentation Stage

• Composting Fermentation: Utilize a groove-type turning machine or a crawler-type turning machine for high-temperature (55 - 70℃) fermentation lasting 15 - 30 days. Regularly turn the pile (every 2 - 3 days) to ensure sufficient oxygen supply, avoid anaerobic fermentation that produces odors, and maintain the high-temperature phase (above 55℃) for at least 5 days to thoroughly kill pathogens and weed seeds.
• Addition of Bacterial Agents: Spray fermentation bacterial agents (such as EM bacteria) to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and shorten the fermentation cycle. The beneficial microorganisms in the fermentation bacterial agents can decompose the organic substances in cow manure and convert them into nutrients that are more easily absorbed by plants.

Crushing and Mixing

• Crushing: After fermentation, the cow manure may form lumps. Use a hammer crusher to crush it into fine particles (particle size ≤ 5mm) to facilitate subsequent granulation.
• Mixing and Blending: Add functional auxiliary materials (such as phosphate rock powder and humic acid) to enhance fertilizer efficiency and mix them evenly using a horizontal mixer to ensure a uniform distribution of various nutrients.

Granulation

• Granulation Process: Select granulation equipment (a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator) according to requirements to produce 2 - 5mm particles. If the cow manure has insufficient viscosity, a small amount of bentonite or starch can be added to improve granulation performance, making the particles more robust and uniform.
• Equipment Characteristics: The disc granulator has the advantages of a simple structure and easy maintenance, and can produce organic fertilizer particles with uniform size and high strength. The extrusion granulator is suitable for production scenarios with high requirements for particle density.

Drying and Cooling

• Drying: A rotary drum dryer reduces the moisture content of the particles to below 15% to prevent mildew. High-temperature hot air is used to dry the particles, removing excess moisture and improving the stability and shelf life of the organic fertilizer.
• Cooling: A fluidized bed cooler rapidly cools the particles to prevent agglomeration. The cooling process can quickly lower the temperature of the particles, preventing adhesion caused by high temperatures and ensuring the quality and appearance of the organic fertilizer.

Screening and Packaging

• Screening: A vibrating screener removes oversized or undersized particles to ensure the uniformity of the finished product. Different mesh sizes are used to screen out particles that do not meet the specifications, ensuring consistent quality of the organic fertilizer product.
• Packaging: An automatic packaging machine packages the product according to specifications (e.g., 25kg per bag) for easy storage and transportation. The packaging process can achieve automated operation, improving production efficiency while ensuring the sealing and accuracy of the packaging.