1. Nitrogen Fertilizers
   • Sulfur-Coated Urea: Urea granules are coated with sulfur and sealed with paraffin wax, containing approximately 34.2% nitrogen. The sulfur coating controls nutrient release while supplementing soil sulfur, making it suitable for crops with long growth periods.
   • Long-Acting Ammonium Bicarbonate: Calcium magnesium phosphate is coated onto ammonium bicarbonate granules, forming a phosphate magnesium ammonium coating. This fertilizer contains 11%-12% nitrogen and 3% phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅). The coating prevents ammonium bicarbonate volatilization, prolonging its effectiveness, and is ideal for sandy soils and crops with extended nutrient demands.
   • Polymer-Coated Nitrogen Fertilizers: Soluble nitrogen fertilizers are encapsulated with polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene. Micro-pores in the coating regulate nutrient release rates, which can be adjusted based on crop requirements.
2. Compound Fertilizers
   • Coated Compound Fertilizers: These consist of granular soluble nitrogen fertilizers as the core, coated with calcium magnesium phosphate and supplemented with potassium fertilizers, micronutrients, and binders to form a comprehensive plant nutrition complex. Scientifically formulated for high utilization efficiency, they offer sustained release and broad adaptability.
   • Environmentally Friendly Coated Fertilizers: Pesticides, herbicides, or microorganisms are incorporated into the coating material, integrating nutrient release with pest and disease control. This reduces soil pollution and enhances fertilizer efficiency.
3. Controlled-Release Fertilizers
   • Inorganic-Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Materials such as sulfur, diatomaceous earth, or gypsum are used to coat fertilizer granules. Adjusting coating thickness controls nutrient release; for example, sulfur-coated urea improves nitrogen utilization efficiency for long-cycle crops like sugarcane and rice.
   • Organic Polymer-Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Natural polymers (e.g., natural rubber, lignin, starch) or synthetic resins (e.g., alkyd resin, polyurethane resin) form the coating. With adjustable thickness and stable nutrient release, these fertilizers are costlier and suited for high-value crops.
   • Biobased-Coated Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Degradable biobased materials (e.g., humic acid, chitosan) coat fertilizers, enabling targeted nutrient release while minimizing environmental impact. For instance, biobased-coated nitrogen fertilizers enhance nitrogen utilization, conserving strategic resources like coal and natural gas.

This translation maintains technical accuracy while ensuring clarity and readability for an English-speaking audience in agricultural contexts.